Understanding Delphi SET Type - Expert Guide

One of the Delphi language features not found in other modern languages is the notion of sets. Delphis set type is a collection of values of the same ordinal type. A set is defined using the set of keyword: Set types are usually defined with subranges. In the above example, the TMagicNumber is a custom subrange type allowing variables of the TMagicNumber type to receive values from 1 to 34. Simply put, a subrange type represents a subset of the values in another ordinal type. Possible values of the set type are all the subsets of the base type, including the empty set. A limitation on sets is that they can hold up to 255 elements. In the above example, the TMagicSet set type is a set of TMagicNumber elements - integer numbers from 1 to 34. The declaration TMagicSet set of TMagicNumber is equal to the following declaration: TMagicSet set of 1..34. Set Type Variables In the above example, the variables emptyMagicSet, oneMagicSet and anotherMagicSet are sets of TMagicNumber. To assign a value to a set type variable, use the square brackets and list all the elements of the set. As in: Note 1: every set type variable can hold the empty set, denoted by []. Note 2: the order of the elements in a set has no meaning, nor is it meaningful for an element (value) to be included twice in a set. The IN Keyword To test if an element is included in the set (variable) use the IN keyword: Set Operators The same way you can sum two numbers, you can have a set that is the sum of two sets. With sets your event has more operators: returns the union of two sets.- returns the difference of two sets.* returns the intersection of two sets. return true if two sets are equal - have the same element. returns true if the first set is a subset of the second set. returns true if the first set is a superset of the second set. returns true if two sets are non-identical.IN returns true if an element is included in the set. Heres an example: Will the ShowMessage procedure be executed? If so, what will be displayed? Heres the implementation of the DisplayElements function: Hint: yes. Displayed: 18 | 24 |. Integers, Characters, Booleans Of course, when creating set types you are not restricted to integer values. Delphi ordinal types include character and boolean values. To prevent users to type alpha keys, add this line in the OnKeyPress of an edit control: Sets with Enumerations A commonly used scenario in Delphi code is to mix both enumerated types and set types. Heres an example: Question: will the message be displayed? Answer: no :( Sets in Delphi Control Properties When you need to apply bold to the font used in TEdit controls, you either use the Object Inspector or the following code: The Fonts Style property is a set type property! Heres how it is defined: So, an enumerated type TFontStyle is used as the base type for the set type TFontStyles. The Style property of the TFont class is of type TFontStyles - therefore a set type property. Another example includes the result of the MessageDlg function. A MessageDlg function is used to bring up a message box and obtain the users response. One of the parameters of the function is the Buttons parameter of type TMsgDlgButtons. TMsgDlgButtons is defined as a set of (mbYes, mbNo, mbOK, mbCancel, mbAbort, mbRetry, mbIgnore, mbAll, mbNoToAll, mbYesToAll, mbHelp). If you display a message to the user containing Yes, OK and Cancel buttons and you want to execute some code if either the Yes or Ok buttons were clicked you can use the next code: Final word: sets are great. Sets might appear confusing to a Delphi beginner, but as soon as you start using set type variables you will find out they provide much more then it sounded in the beginning.

Resource Allocation in Hotels - 1716 Words

Resource Allocation in Hotels –Alternative Distribution Options The number of reservations flowing to hotels through the electronic and switchboard distribution channels – the Internet and reservation call centers – is growing steadily. Once a minor contributor of bookings, they are now primary business sources and grow more important with every passing month. This productivity growth has heightened emphasis throughout the hotel industry on using the electronic and switchboard distribution channels effectively and maximizing their potential. Every director of sales and marketing faces the challenge of understanding, prioritizing and managing these alternative outlets on behalf of his or her property. How important is this mode of†¦show more content†¦To improve its presentation in the GDSs, a hotel has several options: †¢ Ensure it is open and available for sale in the hotel or representation company’s central reservation system (CRS) since the GDSs reflect the availability and rate data in the CRS †¢ Provide a full spectrum of public rates – rack, corporate, government / military, weekend and promotional †¢ Participate in consortia and negotiated corporate rate programs †¢ Ensure the room descriptions provided by the CRS to the GDSs are appealing, as well as accurate †¢ Periodically review the property description to ensure its accuracy The property description is frequently the only resource a travel agent reads prior to recommending a hotel to a client. Copies of the property description that appears in the GDS to describe your hotel can be obtained from the GDS database department of your chain or representation company. Use that same opportunity to request, review and revise your hotel’s property description in the CRS. Two further levels of GDS participation and promotion are available, one free of charge, the other at a fee. In the first, no-cost bulletin boards are available in each of the GDSs for posting announcements about promotional rates, seasonal packages and important news about individual hotels. These bulletin board announcements can draw travel agents’ attention to special offers. The second level offers a wideShow MoreRelatedImplement Plan for Eagle’s Nest Hotel Inc Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesImplement plan for Eagle’s Nest Hotel Inc Human Resource Department [pic] Name: Xiong Words: 1507 Table of content: Overview....................................................................................................................................3 Impact of human resource department.......................................................................................3 Time plan..........................................Read MoreThe Tourism Industry in the Carribean Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pagesperspective. In this essay I will explain how these two essays explain how decolonization hardly exists in the Caribbean. Pattullo report gives a first-hand account as to who controls each segment of the tourism industry; the tour operations, the large hotel chains, and the airline companies. The Caribbean’s economy depends on an industry that is mostly foreign-owned and controlled and the people who live there do not have an opportunity of owning or investing in it. In Pattullo’s report, it revealsRead MoreHilton CRM1446 Words   |  6 Pagesprovides cost effective customer service, including online hotel reservations and HHonors enrollment. business, technology and information services for our hotel guests, including high speed internet access at virtually all of our hotels system-wide. self-service check-in kiosks at 47 of our owned or managed hotels as of December 31, 2004. Operational efficiency Facts: OnQ system is a single technology platform, which links our brands and hotels to enhance customer service and loyalty, as well as maximizeRead MoreOnline vs Offline Distribution Strategies for Hotels998 Words   |  4 Pagesthe global marketing strategy. According to Meidan and Lee (1982), four main stages constitute the global marketing strategy of hotels: identification of the target market and the needs of these customers; formulation of the marketing objectives; definition of the constraints (mainly linked to the environment of the hotel); and finally, allocation of marketing resources. This last stage can itself be divided in four components, following the Marketing Mix model of McCarthy (1960): product, placeRead MoreFood and Beverage Management Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesHSL Individual Written Assignment Semester 1, 2009 Food and Beverage Management within the hotel industry has changed dramatically over the years. This can be seen through a number of measures, although only in more recent years, particularly in outsourcing. This essay will discuss the implications of outsourcing various elements of hotels’ food and beverage operations. 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Scientific Method Essay - 1164 Words

Scientific method what comes to mind? Do we start thinking of some type of formal process that will answer all our scientific questions or problems? When I was in school many years ago, we were taught that scientists go through a series of steps to find a solution to a problem or find evidence to support or disprove a theory. It all seemed rather cold, and formal. Going back to school, school has taught me that science has undergone significant changes and has moved away from the rigidity of a fixed series of steps in what was formerly called the scientific method. I think the best way to describe what helps me understand scientific method, is trying to shed some light on the uncertainties through†¦show more content†¦What I have found is that a lot of research on adult learner has been done only performed recently. If we go back to the first half of the twenty first century, organization theory was dominated by classicists who viewed organizations as rational systems and valued efficient operations above all. They promoted the idea that management is a process of planning, organization, command, coordination n, and control and that design of an organization should be like that of a machine. This concept spawned the modern bureaucracy. (Morgan, 1997a) Morgans points out those organizations could be considered cold and dehumanizing, so we are suppose to think of organizations as machines? As we interact everyday with many organizations that are bureaucracies such the schools we attend, the bank we keep our money. Bureaucracies have been a very successful because they work and they ar e efficient. They have been consistence and persisted because this gives the manager control over the people. This concept was ingrained in managers. 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Motivation Techniques Implemented by Managers-Samples for Students

Question: Explains the perception of motivation techniques implemented by the managers to increase the efficiency of the employees who are working in erkezky Organized Industrial Site, and if managers differ concerning the working process, and how. Answer: Motivation techniques implemented by managers in order to increase the performance and productivity of their employees: Impact and application. Organizational behavior is the process by which people in a business organizations interact and communicate with one another in order to run the daily operations of the business. In order to increase the efficiency and the performance level of the members of the organization this study is approached. It helps the management of the organization to review and analyze the tactics implemented by the management at the same time managing the staff and the recourses of the enterprise so that there is an increase in motivation and performance. To upgrade the level of efficiency of an employee in a group there are various concepts in organizational behavior which can be implemented by the Human resource department and the management. Organizational behaviors have two fold to the concept first the nature of an individual and second the nature of an institution (Coccia 2014). Employees are the heart of an organization and the capability and efficiency level in an individual is always varying from one person to another. The efficiency of the employees are directly associated with the success of the organization. Efficiency is the correlation in between the input an individual gives in the production process with the output that is derived due to the effort. It is important for a business organization to use the opportunities that are available at the disposal to the optimum. These opportunities may include potential resource and skill, resources to remove or reduce the dangers with the lowest losses incurred etc. The members of the organization are evaluated on various aspects depending on the requirement of the job description. It is commonly observed that people are much more capable than what their efficiency level is (Guclu and Guney 2017). The potential of a person in a business organization depends on various aspects like: level of job satisfaction, encouragement and appreciation form the management, incentives in from of monitory and motivation etc. Skill development and training also helps a person identify the real potential and also increase the performance of the employee. According to Guclu and Guney (2017), the factors that affect the level of efficiency among the employees can be segmented in two divisions: Intra-business factors that affect the business organization and extra-business factors. Intra-business factors include instrument and equipment of the organization, the structure of the organization etc, while the extra-business factor includes energy, business practices, management approach, and technology etc. Motivation is the recognition, inspiration and encouragement that the management offers the employees in order to appreciate the effort that they put in the work. Motivation is an aspect that helps create energy and elevated efficiency among the employees and the resources of the organization in order to achieve a goal and fulfill a purpose of an endeavor. The motivation approaches which are executed by the managers have a significant impact in unveiling the skills and potentials. According to Guclu and Guney (2017), motivation from the managers has a positive impact on the productivity of the employees. In society at large motivation has a significant impact on the relationships between the individuals it creates a sense of reliability, integrity and honor (Elnaga and Imran 2013). The process of motivation is the period of persuading an individual that has a direct impact on the objective of the work and also on the personal requirements of the employee. Requirement desire instinct bonding competitions etc are some of the correlated concepts of motivation. The perceptions of motivation among the employees are directly related to the educational status of the individual. The people with higher educational background are more influenced by the motivational tactics than people with low education background. I agree with this conclusion derived in the article as people who have better knowledge and understanding of the process will understand and value the extra effort that has been put by the organization in order to meet the needs and aspirations of the employees. A highly educated person is ought to have an open mind set and a clear vision of analysis, hence it is easier for him to understand why the management is taking the effort in motivating the employee therefore he or she will work towards improved productivity and performance (Lazaroiu 2015). According to me motivation is one of the most effective tools that the management can implement in order to increase the productivity of an individual. For example, a new recruit is a person who faces maximum challenges in an organization, it takes him or her time to settle down in the company and slowly take the pressure. A motivational or an appreciation speech from the manager who is responsible for the new employee works positively to boost the confidence of the person. It makes the person comfortable in the environment and helps him or her to easily adapt to the working situation that is prevalent in the company. Primarily there are two types of motivation explained n the common theories intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is the stimulus that arises from within the conscience of an individual. Every individual has the desires and needs and it directly affects the performance of a specific task. Acceptance, appreciation, curiosity, honor, independence, order and social status and contact are some of the aspects of intrinsic motivation. There are no rewards or incentives associated with this kind of motivation as it is self generated and self less. Intrinsic motivation varies from one person to another. Extrinsic motivation is the process by which an individual is inspired by external forces in order to perform a task. Rewards or punishments follow such motivation and is the type of practice that managers implement in order to increase the productivity of the employees. Monitory allowance, benefits, promotion, competition as well as threats are some of the examples of extrinsic motivational tools (Bell 2013). For example, an employee is unhappy with the job role that he has been offered and hence the job satisfaction level of the person is low. Because of the lack of interest in the job he is also being sloppy and irresponsible in his tasks. The manager is aware of the potential of this individual but can understand that there is some issue with t he person. In this case the manager can communicate and interact with the employee in order to understand the challenges that he or she is facing. The manager with the consultation of the higher management change the job role of this employee will act as a tool of motivation and will help the employee to enjoy his work as well as increase the performance and productivity level. The change of job role works as a extrinsic motivation, while the recognition of the fact that the grievances of the employee are being heard and actions are being taken in order to help the person work better and also acts as intrinsic motivation (Cherian and Jacob 2013). Figure: Process of motivation Source: Authors creation The desire to work in order to achieve certain goals and objectives must sustain within the employees and it is the duty of the manager to create this desire. Motivation defiantly ensures high efficiency and performance at different level of psychology of the employees. The mode of motivating also is an important factor that affects the intensity and the impact of motivation. In a business organization monetary motivation in the form of incentives and bonuses are impactful as a persons remuneration is directly responsible for the productivity and job satisfaction of the person. To maintain a cordial relation in between the employee and the management of the organization and to create positive work culture motivation plays a very significant role. Internal disagreements among the, labor absenteeism and employee turnover rate are considerably reduced with motivational benefits. Motivation ensures effective use of human resources in order to solve challenges and grievances within the or ganization structure. In case motivation is lacking in the management the employees in order to seek satisfaction of their requirements outside the organization which in turn may be harmful. The optimum utilisation of resources ensures the successful achievement of objectives and goals of an organization. In order to achieve optimum utilization motivation is inevitable. Reference list: Bell, N., 2013. Experimental evidence on the relationship between public service motivation and job performance.Public Administration Review,73(1), pp.143-153. Cherian, J. and Jacob, J., 2013. Impact of self efficacy on motivation and performance of employees.International Journal of Business and Management,8(14), p.80. Coccia, M., 2014. Structure and organisational behaviour of public research institutions under unstable growth of human resources.International Journal of Services Technology and Management,20(4-6), pp.251-266. Elnaga, A. and Imran, A., 2013. The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), pp.137-147. Guclu, H. and Guney, S., 2017. The Effect of the Motivation Techniques Used by Managers to Increase the Productivity of their Workers and an Application. Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Employee Motivation and Job Performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations,14, p.97.